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What Is P2P Trading and How Escrow Works

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What Is P2P Trading

P2P trading (peer-to-peer) is a method of buying and selling cryptocurrency directly between users.

On a P2P marketplace, users post listings and open orders with one another under agreed terms. The platform itself is not a party to the transaction. The platform provides a technical P2P infrastructure for listings and uses an escrow mechanism under which the seller’s cryptocurrency is temporarily locked until the order is completed.

The platform’s scope of responsibility is limited to the following:

  • The platform is not a party to the trade between users

  • The platform does not buy or sell cryptocurrency on its own behalf

  • The platform does not receive or transfer fiat currency

  • The platform provides technical P2P infrastructure and the escrow mechanism

Fiat payments are transferred directly between users using the payment details specified in the listing.

Participants in a P2P Order

A P2P order involves two parties:

  • Maker — the user who posts a listing to buy or sell cryptocurrency

  • Taker — the user who opens an order on that listing.

Important: The maker or taker role does not determine which party is the buyer or seller. A maker can either buy or sell cryptocurrency depending on the listing.

What Is Escrow

Escrow is a protection mechanism under which cryptocurrency is temporarily locked by the platform until the order is completed.

When a P2P order is created:

  • Cryptocurrency involved in the trade is automatically locked in escrow

  • This lock ensures the funds cannot be used or withdrawn until the transaction is completed

  • Cryptocurrency is released after payment is confirmed by the seller or following a dispute resolution decision

Escrow protects both parties throughout the exchange.

How Escrow Works in a P2P Order

1. Creating an Order

A listing is selected and an order is opened.

At this stage:

  • The seller’s cryptocurrency is locked in escrow

  • Order details are recorded: amount, price, payment method, and payment deadline

  • An order completion timer starts

From this point forward, the transaction is strictly governed by the terms of the open order.

2. Fiat Payment

The buyer transfers fiat funds directly to the seller using the payment details provided in the listing, or the details shared by the seller within the order.

Important:

  • Payments are made off-platform

  • The payment must strictly follow the order details

  • Any agreements or transfers outside the order are not protected by escrow

3. Confirming Payment

After completing the transfer, the buyer clicks Paid.

This confirms that:

  • The buyer has made the payment according to the order

  • The seller is notified and verifies receipt of funds

  • Cryptocurrency remains locked in escrow until the order is completed.

4. Releasing Cryptocurrency from Escrow

After verifying receipt of funds, the seller manually confirms the order by clicking Release Cryptocurrency.

The cryptocurrency is then released from escrow, credited to the buyer, and the order is closed. Until the seller releases the cryptocurrency, it remains in escrow, even if payment has already been completed.

What Happens in the Event of Issues or Delays

If any of the following occur:

  • The buyer claims payment but cryptocurrency is not released

  • The seller does not see the payment

  • Either party violates the terms of the order

Either party may open a dispute within the order.

The Role of Escrow in a Dispute

During dispute resolution:

  • Cryptocurrency remains locked in escrow

  • Neither party can access the cryptocurrency until the case is resolved

During the review, the platform evaluates:

  • Proof of payment

  • Actions of both parties within the order

  • Communication within the order chat

  • Compliance with P2P rules

After review, the cryptocurrency is either:

  • Transferred to the buyer, or

  • Returned to the seller

Escrow and the temporary locking of digital assets enhance P2P order security and help ensure that both parties meet their obligations.

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